Environmental Clearance (EC) is a mandatory approval process to ensure that projects with significant environmental impacts follow regulations and adopt sustainable practices. The steps include screening, scoping, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), public consultation, appraisal, and final decision by authorities like MoEFCC or SEIAA. It ensures sustainable development while minimizing environmental harm. better resource management and enhanced reputation.
Typically, the process includes:
- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): A detailed study to understand the project's effects on the environment.
- Submission of Reports: Developers prepare and submit reports outlining the findings of the EIA, along with measures to minimize environmental damage.
- Public Hearing: Stakeholders, including local communities, are invited to express concerns or support for the project.
- Review by Authorities: Government bodies analyze the reports and public feedback to make an informed decision.
- Approval or Rejection: Based on the evaluation, environmental clearance is either granted with conditions or denied.
In India, projects are classified into categories based on their pollution potential, and the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) or State Environmental Impact Assessment Authorities (SEIAA) oversee the process. For instance, industries may need specific approvals like GPCB CTE and NOCs before starting operations.
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